Usually water falls on the earth in the form of rain, snow, or ice. This type of storm water flows over surfaces such as roads, driveways, and parking lots. If the ground is either frozen, saturated, or has paved surfaces, and if the water flows, it is called storm water runoff. Storm water usually flows to storm drains. Storm water may contain many types of impurities and pollutants. The polluted water if untreated, will in turn make streams and lakes impure for use. An Engineer-in-Training (EIT) understand the effects of storm water on human life.
Sediment is created by soil erosion and from decomposition of plants and animals. Sediments will make streams and lakes cloudy. Environmental Protection Agency (E.P.A) estimates that 200 million gallons of oil are improperly disposed each year. One quart of oil can contaminate one million gallons of drinking water.
E.P.A estimates that 25% of homes use septic systems. Over four billion gallons of waste water per day are dispersed below ground through septic systems. Septic system has to be pumped regularly. You have to fix any faulty septic system. You have to fix faulty toilets to save water going through this system. Laundry can be done over several days, so that water is not sent all of a sudden on a single day. An engineer taking the FE Exam must make sure to be aware of the rules and regulations of E.P.A.
Storm water Systems are used to collect storm water from the roof and trying to dispose the water far off from the building foundation. Or storm water can be collected from the site and disposed at an approved point. Storm water can be discharged at various points. The municipal storm sewer systems are discharged in the streets. The final discharge point is in a stream, river, lake, or ocean. An engineer taking the Fundamentals of Engineering Exam will know how to design a storm water system for effective collection and recycling of the collected water.
Roof drainage systems allow you to collect water that fall on the rooftops of a structure. There are different types of roof drain systems. The pitched roofs needs gutters and leaders for channeling collection. The flat roofs need roof drains and overflow drains to regulate the flow water through these systems for it to be useful.
There are different parameters to consider while designing storm water systems. For commercial roof drain systems, you need to consider the area of the roof, rainfall rate, number of roof drains and slope of piping. For residential gutter systems, you need to consider the area of the roof, rainfall rate, number of gutters, and slope of the gutter. Overflow drain systems prevent the structure from overloading. You can also use scupper to drain to prevent overflow. Storm water can be put to a lot of usage. It can be used to flush water closets, water home gardens, used in urinals and in any water requirement activity that can use recycled water resources. An engineer with FE Exam Certification will consider various factors while designing storm water systems.
There are several methods for storm water runoff management. For proper storm water collection you must perform the following:
- Regularly sweep your driveway
- Dispose oil and automotive fluids properly and legally.
- Maintain a proper septic systems.
- Prevent over fertilizing your yard
- Clear up your pet waste.
- Use a commercial car wash.
- Pick up litter and trash
- Don’t blow yard clippings and leaves into the street.
An engineer who has completed the FE Exam Test will perform good storm water runoff management, while keeping in mind the importance of proper usage of various components for collections.
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